Brown+vs.+Board+of+Education


 * || //BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION//
 * What would break the back of Jim Crow America? What role did education play in the movement to desgregate America?**

||= In Topeka, Kansas, 1954 they stated that the inequality of racial segregation " violates the 14th amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which guarantees all citizens equal protection of the laws".
 * Using the the links provided, analyze the landmark Supreme Court case //Brown v. Board of Education//. Cut and paste the information below into a new entry on your Unit 8 Online Notebook.** ||=  ||
 * BASIC FACTS OF THE CASES (more than one) (check video, [|Link 1], [|Link 2], [|Link 3])**
 * MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE PLAINTIFF (for integration) (check [|Link 1])**


 * The Surpreme Court had misinterpreted the equal protection clause of the 14th Ammendment.
 * The 14th Ammendment allowed discriminated state action, including segregated schools.
 * The 14th Ammendment didn't state whether a state had to allow segregation in public schools.
 * There are harmful effects from segregation to the minds of African American children.


 * MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE DEFENDANTS (for segregation) (check [|Link 1])**
 * The Constitution doesn't require blacks and whites to attend the same schools
 * State should be allowed to decision to regulate their own social affairs.
 * Segregation was is not harmful to Afrian Americans
 * Whites want equal education, but since blacks are still living with the effects of slavery, it will take some time to be in the same classroom.

Cheif Justice Fred Vinson and quite a few others had disbeliefs about the constitutionality of ending the segregated schools. They also worried about that if they came to a decision to have all integrated schools how would they be able to enforce it. Vinson died in the hot month of September and President Dwight Eisenhower appointed Earl Warren as the new cheif justice. His direction in making a decision to overturn Plessy changed the course of American History forever. The court came to a decision that the doctrine of seperate but equal only applied to transportation like buses and not education. Warren also had the decision that education was very vital and by having segregated schools it takes away opporunities of learning for black children. The Supreme court decided that any segregation was depriving African Americans of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments. The Brown decision stated that segregation is unconstitutional. But the Court came to the conclusion that only states could end segregation. This decision let segregationists organize resistance. Many whites welcomed the Brown decision, others opposed it and thought of it as an assult on their ways of living. Then the segregationists put their organized rebellion to work. Americans were still deeply into segregation in the 1950's. African Americans were pushing for the Brown decision to be passed and alot of people were surprised at the resistance of white southerners.African American's struggle spread across the country. The first battle for school desegregation became part of campaigns for social justice. Fifty years after the Brown decision, the movement has come to include racial and ethnic minorities, women, people with disabilities, and other groups, each seeking equal opportunity.
 * THE CHANGE IN THE COURT (leading to a decision) (check** [|**Link 1**]**)**
 * THE COURT DECISION (in your own words) (check** [|**Link 1**] **and Link 2)**
 * ENFORCING THE DECISION (discuss "with all deliberate speed) (Check** [|**Link 1**]**)**
 * THE IMPACT and LEGACY** **(Check** [|**Link 1**]**)** none